In Firefox,the equivalent ofInternet Explorer temporary internet files is the cache.

You can change the location of the cache by adding a new preference, for details see http://kb.mozillazine.org/Browser.cache.disk.parent_directory

If you are not confident about adding the preference, I know of one add-on that lets you specify the path of the cache. Super Tab Mode is an add-on that enhances Firefox tab handling, but also has a section for changing the location of the cache

You can use use the Profile Manager and create a new profile on that other drive (partition).

See: http://kb.mozillazine.org/Profile_Manager http://kb.mozillazine.org/Transferring_data_to_a_new_profile_-_Firefox http://kb.mozillazine.org/Moving_your_profile_folder

If you do a custom install of Firefox then you can choose the installation folder.
See Custom installation of Firefox on Windows