See if your bookmarks are present in the Bookmarks sidebar("Ctrl+B") or in the Bookmarks Library list ("Ctrl+Shift+B").

If the bookmarks toolbar is not showing in your toolbars, but you have your bookmarks. "Alt" > View > Toolbars > [x] Bookmarks Toolbar

If you don't have your bookmarks, you may have to use a bookmarks backup file, or you may be in another profile such as if you don't have extensions you installed.

• Toolbar customization - MozillaZine Knowledge Base
  http://kb.mozillazine.org/Toolbar_customization
• Lost bookmarks - MozillaZine Knowledge Base
  http://kb.mozillazine.org/Lost_bookmarks
• Sorting and rearranging bookmarks - Firefox - MozillaZine Knowledge Base
  http://kb.mozillazine.org/Sorting_and_rearranging_bookmarks_-_Firefox

Check that the Bookmarks Toolbar is visible and that the "Bookmarks Toolbar items" is still placed on the Bookmarks Toolbar.
If the menu bar is hidden then press F10 or hold down the Alt key, that should make the "Menu Bar" appear.

Make sure that toolbars like the "Navigation Toolbar" and the "Bookmarks Toolbar" are visible: "View > Toolbars"

• Open the Customize window via "View > Toolbars > Customize" or via "Firefox > Options > Toolbar Layout" (Linux, Windows)
• Check that the "Bookmarks Toolbar items" is on the Bookmarks Toolbar
• If the "Bookmarks Toolbar items" is not on the Bookmarks Toolbar then drag it back from the toolbar palette in the customize window to the Bookmarks Toolbar
• If you do not see the "Bookmarks Toolbar items" or other items that are missing in the toolbar palette or on a toolbar then click the "Restore Default Set" button

• http://kb.mozillazine.org/Toolbar_customization
• https://support.mozilla.com/kb/Back+and+forward+or+other+toolbar+items+are+missing